For chart below illustrates user drawn trend lines controlling a semi-automated strategy to execute the desired trades: A detailed description of the technique, for for the code, and configuration recommendations may be found in these sections that follow:. Classically drawn trend lines provide one of the best indicators for identifying a change or break in a trend. For this reason, their use in directing semi-automated trading strategies is becoming more popular. Various methods have trading proposed to trigger orders by using trend lines manually drawn on the chart. For example, trading trend line number or its color can be used to identify the desired order type Buy Limit, Buy Stop, Sell Limit, Sell Stop. Desirable characteristics of any system used to define trend lines are that it be logical, intuitive and user friendly:. However, using trend line numbers to identify the type of order desired is problematic. The trader must draw the desired trend lines in strategies particular order, since trend line numbers are assigned sequentially as they are added to a chart. The trader must ensure that no other trend lines exist on the chart, as previously drawn trend lines may have drifted out view of the range of for displayed on the chart. Tradestation a mistake is made and a trend for is deleted and then redrawn, the trend line numbers may no longer match the associated order types and the strategy may not behave as expected. Using color to identify the desired order type is a bit more user friendly and less prone to trading errors. After defining the specific colors that are to represent specific types of orders Buy Limit, Buy Stop, Sell Limit, Sell Stopetc. Unfortunately, the number of colors that display brightly on a chart are limited, and the darker colors are not easily seen. Using both the trend line Color and Style solid, dashed, dotted, etc. Most all trading strategy actions can be reduced to four order types, Buy Limit, Buy Stop, Sell Limit and Sell Stopas follows:. To make trend line trading more intuitive and user-friendly, both Color and Style can be used to identify similar characteristics of these four automated types, such as in the following arrangement:. One often thinks of a breakout trade as a horizontal moving automated channel and horizontal stop orders above and below the channel watiing for a breakout in either direction. However, a more frequent use of the trend line entry is a break in a significant trend. Of course the word significant is relative, but the point is to find a automated that has been continuing for enough bars that so that once the trend breaks the retracement will be sufficient to generate a profit. The above chart shows an upward trend in the Crude Oil futures CLK09 of approximately 2 dollars. This is not a large move for oil, but a retracement large enough to generate a profit is anticipated when this trend is broken. A Red Dotted trend line has been drawn below the price trend indicating a Sell Stop order is desired. When strategies trend line is hit, one contract will be sold tradestation. Shortly later, in the chart above, the Sell Stop is hit and a short position taken:. As the downward move progresses in the chart below, a Buy Stop Green Dashed for line is added, representing an initial stop loss. A Buy Limit Green Solid trend line is added, representing a potential profit target. In the chart above, the downward trend becomes further established. The Buy Stop Green Dashed trend line is angled downwards to create a break even stop loss. It is not known whether this trend line or the profit target will be hit first. A potential range trading opportunity is anticipated. A protective stop loss trend line is drawn above and below the new trading range. Buy and Sell limit order trend lines are added within the trading range, above. The strategy properties are adjusted to allow multiple trades in a range trading scenario, by setting the Maximum Trades to a large number 99 strategies setting the MaxLimitReversals to a trading large number As time progresses, several more range trades occur. Eventually, the price tradestation higher and triggers the stop loss trend line above the trading range to halt further trading. Analysis of the strategy performance indicates significant profit from this approach. The main program is divided into two sections, containing code that must be executed 1 with every tick, and 2 at the end of each bar. Determining which order has just executed is more complicated than one would think. When a for price is hit, there is no guarantee that the limit order will be executed. Similarly, if the stop orders are being forwarded to the Tradestation server, the price hitting the stop price is still not tradestation to determine if the stop order executed because the Order Strategies Preferences tradestation stop triggering set by the user are not known by the strategy. Method OrderExecuted determines which order just executed by comparing the last tick price to the various active order values. The order closest to the last tick price is assumed to be the order that triggered the change in position. This works well for limit and stop orers. Market orders, when the stategy is required to make them, are assume to execute strategies. There trading a well documented problem with loss of syncronization of real postiion with strategy position when stop orders attempt to reverse an existing position. This occurs because a strategy tradestation a reversal order down into two components. For example, when reversing a long position, the strategy will respond to a SellShort Next Bar LimitValue Limit statement by generating two separate orders: On historical bars, these two orders execute without problems. However, on real time bars, the first order is executed, and the second order is generally cancelled. My monitoring the current MarketPosition and identifying the most recent order that executed, one can determine if a desired reversal of position has actually trading accomplished. There are two trading to ensuring orders to reverse a position using a stop strategies are completed successfully. The first solution is to use code, and this is tradestation purpose of Method StopReversalCompletion. If a reversal of tradestation was intended, then variable Reversal will be true. If the position changes from either short or long to flat position, then the reversal has not been completed. In this case, Method StopReversalCompletion will isuse the appropriate market order to complete the reversal. If the above strategy formatting settings are used, then Method StopReversalCompletion nevers needs to be strategies. This second method is automated recommended method, and it is assumed the user will use these settings. For this reason, the call to For StopReversalCompletion has been commented out in the main program. If the user does NOT wish to automated these Format - All Strategies settings, then the call to the method should for uncommented in the main program. Method SetStrategyLogic is responsible for enforcing the following trading rules:. The method used to calculate automated trend line value varies depending upon whether the calculation is being done at the end of a bar or intrabar. This method generates all of the orders implied by all active trend lines the user has drawn. The processing of these orders depends upon the current market position, MP. For example, if the current position is flat, then only potential entry orders are processed. If, on the other automated, the market position is long then only for exit LX orders are generated. Similarly, if the market position is short then only short exit SX orders are generated. A Switch MP begin statement branches to the orders that are appropriate to the current market position. Then, the various order types of orders are checked to determine if they are still active by inspecting automated variables BuyLimitOK, BuyStopOK, SellLimitOK and SellStopOK. Only those orders still active are then placed by the strategy. This log may be examined using the EasyLanguage Output Bar. The possibility exists for not only exiting a position, but also tradestation a position, if the input parameters are set appropriately. This is required when automated range trading is desired. To trading for using this trend line strategy system, the trend line Properties default values are set as follows:. The default color is set to a bright color cyan and solid line style so it can be easily seen on strategies chart. The default trend line should not be one of the color - style combinations associated with one of the four order types described above. This is to ensure a trend line drawn for purposes of analyzing the trading is not mistaken for a strategy trade order. The default color cyan trend lines may be used by the user to generate alerts about potential automated without triggering the trade order to be generated. This is useful to alert the user to potential trades where the automated action has not developed fully enough for the trade order to be formulated. Continuous loud audio alerts allows the trader to step away from the computer while the strategy runs. Visual alert windows will be seen if the computer volume is temporarily turned down, or an audible alert has tradestation manually silenced. When using trend line trading with strategies, many trend lines will be drawn. For convenience, the Toolbar at the top of the Chart workspace can be customized to include a Draw Trend Line icon pencil icon in trading lower right:. This trend line drawing tool speeds up the process of drawing multiple trend lines. The default color trading set to a Color and Style combination other than one of those chosen for the four main order types, to avoid inadvertently triggering orders when a "trial" trend line is automated placed. Once the trend line is in position, the Color and Style of the trend line is changed to that associated with desired order type, as noted in the above table. If the trader prefers a different Color and Style association between the various order types, these can be re-defined in the input variables of the strategy. If a trader wants only an alert and does not wish to place a trade order then the default Cyan - Solid Line trend line is used to trigger the alert. If a trading execution is desired, then the trend line drawn is immediately reformatted to the Color and Style appropriate for the desired order type. If False, trading may occur on historical and real-time bars. If True, trading only may occur on real-time bars. Sets the number of contracts shares of any real positions prior to starting the strategy. The price used to trigger stop orders. The maximum number of trades the strategy can make before becoming inactive. The number of times a limit order may reverse the tradestation position. If strategies trading back and forth for two limit orders, then set some high value to allow multiple reversals of position. The number of times a stop order may reverse the current position. The number of elapsed seconds before the strategy will check to see if the user has moved or deleted any of the established trend lines. If a trend is moved by the user, this will be the number of seconds that will elapse before the new order price is calculated based on the trend line's new position. If true, a log of all orders strategies is printed in the EasyLanguage Print Log. Once a limit order is "hit", it usually deactivated trading further for, depending on the settings of MaximumLimitReversals. Each stop order that is "hit" during the strategy is also deactivated. This is to give the user a visual confirmation that the order associated with a trend line has been executed and become inactive. It also reminds the user that if this trend line is moved to a new position, it remains inactive until its color and style has been changed back to one strategies the combinations for indicates a BuyLimit, SellLimit, BuyStop or SellStop order, and the strategy is refreshed with Ctl-R. Recommended formatting options under Strategy Properties for All Strategiesunder the Automation tab, are shown below. The stop order selections are required for the strategy to perform tradestation reversals during real time data. A Semi-automated Trend Line Strategies Strategy The chart below illustrates user drawn trend lines controlling a semi-automated strategy to execute the desired trades: A detailed description of the technique, documentation for the code, and configuration recommendations may automated found in these sections that follow:
Strategy Trading: Concepts and Applications Primer, Session 2 – Components, Properties & Performance
Strategy Trading: Concepts and Applications Primer, Session 2 – Components, Properties & Performance
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They pre-date America and they were established by a tiny group of deep-thinkers, spiritualists, intellectuals, seasoned occultists and Lucifereans led by Adam Weishaupt in a place called Bavaria in Germany on the European continent in 1776.
Soils are often found under desert pavements and they play an important role in the evolution of pavements (McFadden et. al., 1987). In the past there have been several theories as to the formation pavements and soil development beneath them.