Computer science science option guide
Considering a career in computer science? Maybe you've already started your CS education at a reputable college or university but haven't decided on a specialization? Perhaps you're science recent CS graduate science looking to chart out a satisfying and lucrative professional course? No matter which stage along the professional path you find yourself, it's never too early, or too late, to learn more about guide CS career options. If your future is computer computer science, this guide is for you. A graduate of the University of California at Santa Barbara and the Santa Barbara College of Law, Michael Hoffman began his professional career as an attorney in Los Angeles. After a brief period in the Hollywood film production business, Michael now works as a freelance writer while he pursues his science of becoming a published fiction author and screenwriter. The first 60 years of modern computers focused on computing itself, with the last computer years or so centered on computers as tools for communication. Today, it is almost impossible to find an avenue of commerce or professional endeavor that has not been affected by the digital revolution. For professionals in the field, the big questions are: What is the next great chapter in computer science and how can I be a part of it? As the industry continues to grow and evolve, so will competition for the most satisfying and highest-paying jobs. It is therefore imperative that anyone considering a career in computer science stays up-to-date with current and future industry trends. Also included are helpful hints and advice from experts in the field. Planning is the key to professional success, and the earlier potential computer scientists begin that planning, the better. Maybe that would take them to autonomous vehicles or to computer security. That will open a lot of doors. One of the best sources for career information is the U. According to BLS data, 74 percent of new STEM science, technology, engineering and math jobs through will be in computing. For example, the BLS predicts that nearly a third of all of those new jobs will be created in the computer science subfield of software development. In fact, the BLS breaks down the computer science field into seven distinct subfields and provides percentage estimates for jobs in relation to all new STEM jobs in each as follows:. Nevertheless, no matter what specific area of interest a computer scientist prefers, the job market going forward looks promising when compared to employment statistics across the entire job spectrum. The BLS predicts an 18 percent job growth in computer-related occupations compared to 11 percent for all occupations in total. Below is a list of specific CS-related careers that are on the rise to provide an even clearer picture of the job market that awaits computer science college students upon graduation. Again, these option are provided by the BLS and relate to predicted job growth through Computer science teachers prepare lesson plans and practical exercises to instruct students in computing theories as well as the use of computer software applications. High school teachers work closely not only with students but also fellow teachers and school administrators. Coders use their familiarity with programming languages to transform software designs into computer-readable instructions. For some employers, the level of education matters less than practical skill and specialized knowledge. Programming talent is sought after in a range of industries, including software publishing, health care, and insurance. Programmers work alone or in teams, often communicating electronically with remote colleagues. Some occupational education instructors have professional experience in addition to a two-year degree, for example, an A. Qualifications for teachers vary by subject, school, and state. Sys admins are in charge of equipment ranging from servers to desktop workstations to mobile devices. Admins work with IT managers and staff, computer network architects and other employees. Some companies outsource data storage networks to cloud service providers, but admins are still needed in broad-ranging industries. In addition to computer science, students interested in this occupation can take subjects like computer engineering or electrical engineering, computer networking and systems design. Post-secondary computer science instructors develop class plans and materials to teach the theoretical and practical applications of this discipline. Additional responsibilities often include research and academic publishing. Most of these teachers work at colleges and universities, with a smaller number employed at community colleges and science schools. College professors regularly interact with students, teaching assistants, department colleagues and administrators. Computer science leadership positions range from top-level executives to technical supervisors who oversee day-to-day work in the trenches. Entry-level managers may provide guidance for teams of hardware engineers science software developers, while project managers work with technical and non-technical staff. Chief Technology Officers CTOs manage the computing infrastructure for giant corporations. However, students should consider an MBA in information systems to truly stand out from the rest of the applicant field. Network engineers and architects create blueprints for data communication networks, and they design patches for existing infrastructure in response to security threats. Network architects analyze usage to predict organizational science, often working with managers and CTOs. To maintain database performance and security, DBAs rely on their study of information assurance and data warehousing. Some work with management and IT staff to develop new databases. Research assistants harness their knowledge of computer science science statistics to make sense of huge amounts of information. From surveys or lab projects, they gather, analyze and manage scientific data. They work with social scientists in research and development settings or academic environments, as guide staff rather than student assistants. A great way to succeed science the long run option to build a strong mathematical background, develop a strong understanding of data structures and algorithms and the essentials of programming languages. And have a passion for applying these items in some domain. In fields such as business, science and science, computer and information research scientists use computing to analyze and solve computer. They improve on current technologies or develop innovative computer algorithms to address specific needs. Working with massive datasets, these information scientists leverage their academic background in computational statistics. To meet requests from management, they design algorithms and software for data analysis in specific environments. They propose data-supported strategies in areas like public policy, science, business intelligence and medical information management. Geoscientists depend on specialized software packages as they perform fieldwork and lab research, and computer science grads who also study geology can aim for this profession. Working in industries such as government or oil and gas extraction, these scientists share their research with clients and coworkers. Support specialists offer high-tech trouble-shooting in a range of different environments, from government agencies to industries option telecommunications and computer manufacturing. Computer network support specialists focus on issues with data and communications networks. Web developers build Internet sites for online retail, enterprise operations, non-profit groups, social media and more. Websites serve as option cards for partners and clients and digital storefronts for customers. Using tools such as HTML, XML, JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheets, developers create the code underlying a website, considering visual appearance, site architecture, usability and performance. Web designers work with management, sales, marketing, public relations and science departments. Systems software designers generally find employment with computer and electronics manufacturers, working on teams to develop new technology. The products in development include operating systems for uses ranging from computers to smartphones to cars. Software developers invent applications targeting specific purposes, from online marketplaces to entertainment apps for mobile devices. Applications range from the small scale to the enormous, as in databases constructed to meet the option of specific companies. Some developers need not only in-depth familiarity with programming languages option also knowledge of an industry and its operations, for example, financial transactions or health informatics. Computer systems analysis zeroes in on the information technology IT used by a specific organization. Analysts take into account factors such as user requirements, workflow and IT capabilities. After evaluating the existing technical infrastructure, analysts suggest efficiencies and improvements. This occupation requires an understanding of a specific field like banking or health information management. Analysts work with managers and IT departments, and they may also train employees on new systems. Operations research analysts help executives and management solve problems and create data-driven strategies in fields like finance, government and manufacturing logistics. They often work with a multidisciplinary team of industry specialists. Market research analysts use sophisticated statistical methods to advise companies on marketing and business plans. They evaluate data on consumer trends and competitor strategies to devise proposals for introducing and pricing new products. Analysts share ideas with clients and managers, and they may also gather opinions from the public. In a networked world, these professionals play an important role in protecting organizations. They examine existing IT systems and propose security measures, including fixes for vulnerabilities. In guide like finance and cloud computing services, they serve as in-house staff or consultants. Security analysts cooperate with network administrators and computer systems analysts, and they often report directly to CTOs or IT managers. Due to the wide-ranging expertise needed, some employers opt for candidates with graduate degrees. The following list of trends in computer science has been compiled after speaking with CS experts in both the academic and business worlds. They represent a broad consensus of opinions and provide a good overview of where the field is potentially headed. While the careers listed below are intended to help CS professionals explore promising and cutting edge job options, it is important to note that several of our experts warned against depending too heavily on trends when charting out your CS education and career path. The future is unknown, and that is particularly true when it comes to the rapidly morphing digital world. Therefore, while our experts speculate that the following guide will be in-demand in the future, they also emphasize the importance of a strong educational foundation in computer science fundamentals, especially at the undergraduate level. A host of websites publish college rankings that guide help students find both quality and affordable computer science degrees in their area of interest. However, salaries can increase rather significantly with education and experience. Companies hiring HCI graduates include Electronic Arts, Apple, Microsoft and a variety of computer game designers and manufacturers. Any company involved in the touch screen, application interface, and video game markets is also on the lookout for HCI-skilled workers. HCI-related job titles include:. As you might expect, software engineers and computer programmers are in demand by businesses and other organizations of every type and size, and not just those that fit science under the heading of computer technology. The top employers for software developers, however, are tech-focused companies with well-recognized names such as Google, Facebook, Twitter, Apple, Oracle and Microsoft, as well as many that may be less familiar, like Sparc, Kony and Zurple. Remember, though, there are probably thousands of potential employers for skilled software developers. The range of titles for software development professionals is as option as the field itself. Common titles that job seekers may encounter:. Other more specific titles include computer game developer, systems programmer, e-business software developer, and dozens of others. According to BLS guide, job growth in the field should increase by 22 percent between andmuch faster than the average for all occupations. Although specific statistics regarding remote and cloud computing job opportunities are difficult to come by, a look at the numbers related to computer science and information technology employment may provide a good idea of where cloud computing science heading. Computer security and privacy issues arise in every corner of the digital world and cyber attacks are becoming more and more commonplace. As a result, information security professionals can be found just about everywhere. Government at all levels, computer, and non-profit organizations need expert advice in securing their data resources. Top employers in computer security include Cisco Systems, BAE Systems PLC, Computer Sciences Corporation, Intel, Lockheed Martin, Symantec, Raytheon, Hewlett-Packard and the National Security Administration. According to the BLS, salary potential and the option outlook for the computer security field is positive. Job outlook predictions in the field are strong, with the BLS forecasting 37 percent growth between and There is a rapidly growing demand for trained data scientists across the employment spectrum. Industries hiring data scientists include guide and finance, e-commerce, government, healthcare, telecommunications and social networking. Some of the companies currently hiring data science professionals include Facebook, PayPal, Google, Trulia, Autotegrity, Intuit, McGraw-Hill and Capital One. Given the newness of the field, salary figures specific to data science can be hard to come by. You see this a lot in the biomedical space, but there is also demand from folks in industry. The salary projections and job outlook for robotics engineers depends on how you approach the profession. For instance, the BLS includes robotics engineers under the broader heading of mechanical engineers. From that perspective, one might conclude that job growth for robotics professionals will be sluggish over coming decade with just a 5 percent increase. Other industry experts, however, predict healthier job prospects in the field. Guide hiring robotics-skilled workers include major manufacturers in the auto and aeronautics industries, as well companies like Dyson, Elbit Systems, Autonomous Solutions, Amazon, 3D Robotics, Bosch and Caterpillar. Job titles in the field include:. Others do indicate an AI connection, such as user experience designer, UI programmer and android engineer. Top employers for AI professionals include the usual suspects like Microsoft, Guide and just about any computer game company you can think of. The BLS includes AI professionals under the broader heading of computer and information research scientists, for whom job growth estimates come in at 15 percent between andslightly under estimates for computer occupations in general, but substantially higher than those for all occupations. It is easy to see that the computer science field has become science broad to easily define. It has become so fully integrated science every facet of human culture that it is almost impossible to separate it out from any other activities. This is computer news for those interested in computer science as a profession. Which raises an enticing but nevertheless difficult question that must be answered: With so many options, how does the prospective computer scientist determine which one best suits his or her unique talents and interests? But it is important to give it some serious thought since career and lifestyle are so inextricably connected. Consider elements such as family, social interests, environment big city vs. While many skills are necessary for all CS specializations critical thinking and math, to name twothere are plenty of others that are much more subject oriented. For example, software engineers need lots of code-oriented skills such as working effectively with existing code internal infrastructure, third-party libraries, etc. Robotics engineers, on the other hand, will find the need for skills such as engineering design processes, materials analysis techniques, the ability to work with CAD systems, as well as the ability read and create schematics and blueprints. The key to option the right skills is determining the ones most needed for science specialization under consideration and seeking out the classes and training required to develop those skills. In doing so, most students quickly discover which ones are easiest to obtain and are the most interesting to them. But at some point all computer scientists have to focus on a specialized area of the profession, and knowing where the jobs are now and where they likely will and will not be in the future is option. Besides, it never hurts to get a leg up on the inevitable competition. On the whole, computer science-related occupations pay pretty well and, due to the increasing demand for computer computer scientists, good salaries are bound to remain for years to come. But just what are soft skills exactly and why are they important? Science to experts, top soft skills for computer scientists include:. At the top of the science are communication skills, both oral and written. Employers in the tech market today bemoan the fact that many otherwise well-educated CS graduates lack even minimally acceptable competence in writing and speaking. The ability to listen and comprehend instructions and directions is equally important. The days in which techies were computer required to sit alone in a room and design software are over. Digital technology is big business and tech companies have large work forces whose members must be able to create and design products as a team, and that requires real communications skills on all levels. Closely related to communication are managerial and delegation skills. All large corporations, and most small ones for that matter, develop multi-level management structures that require employees to take leadership positions and delegate science to effectively and efficiently complete projects. Computer requires professionals to understand the strengths and weaknesses of their colleagues and be able to trust them science carry out the tasks they are assigned. Teamwork is important, but just as important is the ability to overcome problems and complete work without being micro-managed. Other option terms fit as well, including resourcefulness, creativity, enthusiasm, independence, critical thinking, problem solving, flexibility and adaptability, working well under pressure and a strong work ethic. Taken as a whole, these skills add up to an employee who can be trusted to produce quality work without someone constantly looking over his or her shoulder. Everyone knows what networking is, but not everyone is good at doing it. Those who are, however, hold a distinct advantage over their colleagues with less developed social skills. Computer scientists who attend industry conventions, speak at career days and educational events, and represent themselves and their company at public and chartable functions will almost always reap benefits from their involvement, if not immediately, at sometime in the future. There are, of course, many other valuable soft skills such as self-confidence, effective time management, patience and even a sense of humor. All of these traits will make computer more attractive to employers and more valuable as employees. Best of all, they can all be obtained with a bit of practice. With the industry booming, there are plenty of well-paying CS jobs available, even at some of the most prestigious and competitive companies. Graduates, however, cannot simply sit around and wait for the job guide to roll science. Well-qualified graduates are those who have been planning their careers throughout their college years by computer good grades, landing a top internship, and making the right connections. So how does a recent computer science grad set himself or herself apart from all the other well-qualified job seekers? The following are a few tips and recommendations for doing just that:. The best employers are good community members and like their employees to be the same. Volunteering time guide a local charity or non-profit is the perfect way to show it. There are plenty of charitable organizations that need assistance of a technical nature, like designing or maintaining a website. Starting a small business, developing a product of your own, or simply establishing a presence online with a website or blog is a great way for a job candidate to show initiative and enthusiasm for his or her chosen field. There has science be follow-through or the would-be entrepreneur will come across as just that: Speaking one or more foreign languages will not only help in landing a great job, but it can also do wonders for professional advancement. Guide write well, also. This goes back to the soft skills listed above. The ability to express oneself clearly and professionally is essential in any job. Job seekers should beat them to the punch by finding out what a Google search will turn up on them and preparing for any potential damage before their interview. Below is a list of computer science career-related websites for additional information and help with job hunting:. Stay up-to-date with Computer Science Online. Join our email list to receive the quarterly newsletter. A Science to Computer Science Careers. A Guide to Computer Science Careers Exploring Options and Career Paths for the CS Professional. Content Navigation Introduction CS Careers on the Rise A. Computer Future of Computer Science Choosing a CS Specialty or Subfield The Importance of Soft Skills CS Career Checklist Resources. About the Author Michael Hoffman A graduate of the University of California at Santa Barbara and the Santa Barbara College of Law, Michael Hoffman began his professional career as an attorney in Los Angeles. Konstan Distinguished McKnight University Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering Science of Minnesota. Computer Science University of Arkansas, Little Rock Associate Software Engineer Acxiom Corporation. Tim Lindquist Professor and Software Engineering Programs Chair School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University. Bruce Porter Chairman, Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin. Amr Sabry Professor and Chair of Computer Science School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University Bloomington. Lakshmi Subramanian Associate Professor, Computer Science Department Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University. Kenji Yoshigoe PhD Associate Professor and Chair Department of Computer Science University of Arkansas, Little Rock. CS Careers on the Rise Computer Engineering Careers. Option Technology IT Careers. High School Computer Science Teacher Salary range: Computer Programmer Salary range: Post-Secondary Vocational Education Instructor Salary range: Network and Computer Systems Administrators Salary range: Post-Secondary Science Science Teacher Salary range: Computer Network Architect Salary range: Database Administrator Salary range: Social Science Research Assistant Salary range: Data Mining Specialist Salary range: Computer Support Specialist Salary range: Web Developer Salary range: Systems Software Developer Salary range: Applications Software Developer Salary range: Computer Systems Analyst Salary range: Operations Research Analyst Salary range: Market Research Analyst Salary range: Information Security Analyst Salary range: User Interface Design Futuristic career. HCI-related job titles include: Software Development Futuristic career. Common titles that job seekers may encounter: Software developer Software architect Software engineer Science programmer Application architecture and development consultant Other more specific titles include computer game developer, systems programmer, e-business software developer, and dozens of others. Cloud Computing Futuristic career. Cloud software engineer Cloud developer Cloud network engineer Cloud product manager. Security and Privacy Futuristic career. Data Science and Big Data Futuristic career. Job titles in the field include: Controls engineer Automation engineer Robotics engineer Electro-mechanical technician. Artificial Intelligence Futuristic career. According to experts, top soft skills for computer scientists include: Communication At the top of the list are communication skills, both oral and written. Managerial and delegation skills Closely related to communication option managerial and delegation skills. Self-reliance and initiative Teamwork is important, but just as important is the ability to overcome problems and complete work without being micro-managed. Networking Everyone knows what networking is, science not everyone is good at doing it. CS Career Checklist With the industry booming, there are plenty of well-paying CS jobs available, even at some of the most prestigious and competitive companies. The following are a few tips and recommendations for doing just that: Speak a foreign language. Speak your native language well. Review your online presence. Resources Below is a list of computer science career-related websites for additional information and help with job hunting: American Academy for Advancement of Science AAAS: Careers GitHub American Medical Informatics Association: A Guide to Computer Resources University at Albany-SUNY Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics SIAM: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Media Room Privacy Policy. American Medical Informatics Association: INFORMS Career Center Computer. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence AAAI. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE. Association for Women in Computing AWC. National Association of Programmers NAP. National Board for Certified Counselors Career Counseling. National Science Guide Research Experiences for Undergraduates. A Guide to Web Resources University at Albany-SUNY. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics SIAM: Society for Technical Communication:
A turn towards a model of market socialism brought economic expansion in the 1950s and 1960s and a decline during the 1970s.
Walter Christian Kumpfer, Fred Henry Nolte, Rudolph William Schroeder.
And there is a difference between being totally self-absorbed like you are, and being a good wife.