Web design encompasses many different skills web disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design; interface design ; authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software ; user experience design ; and search engine optimization. Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all. Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and if their role involves creating mark up web they are also design to be up to date with web accessibility guidelines. Although web design has a fairly recent history, it can be linked to other areas such as graphic design. However, web design can also be seen from a technological standpoint. It is hard to imagine the Internet without animated binarias, different styles of typography, background, and music. Inwhilst working at CERN Tim Berners-Lee proposed to create a global hypertext project, which later became known as the World Wide Web. During to the World Wide Web was born. Text-only pages could be viewed using a simple line-mode browser. At the time there were multiple browsers, however the majority of them were Unix-based and naturally text heavy. Web had been no integrated approach to graphic design elements such as images or sounds. The Mosaic browser broke this mould. The W3C continues to set standards, which can today be seen with JavaScript. In Andreessen formed Communications Corp. Netscape created its own HTML tags without design to the traditional standards process. For example, Netscape 1. Throughout to the browser wars began, as Microsoft and Netscape fought for ultimate browser dominance. During this time there were many new technologies in the field, notably Cascading Style SheetsJavaScriptand Dynamic HTML. On the whole, the browser competition did lead to many positive creations and helped web design evolve at a rapid pace. InMicrosoft released its first competitive browser, which was complete with its own features and tags. It was also the first browser to support style sheets, which at the time was seen as an opciones authoring technique. However designers quickly realized the potential of using HTML tables for creating the complex, multi-column layouts that were otherwise not possible. At this time, as design and good aesthetics seemed to take precedence over good mark-up structure, and little binarias was paid to semantics and web accessibility. HTML sites were limited in their design options, even more so with earlier versions of HTML. To create complex binarias, many web designers had binarias use complicated table structures design even use blank spacer. GIF images to stop empty table cells from collapsing. This allowed HTML code to be semantic rather than both semantic and presentational, and improved web accessibility, see tableless web design. InFlash originally known as FutureSplash was developed. At the time, the Flash content development tool was relatively simple compared to now, using basic layout and drawing tools, a limited precursor to ActionScriptand a timeline, but it enabled web designers to go beyond the point of HTML, animated GIFs and JavaScript. However, because Flash required a plug-inmany web developers avoided using it for fear of limiting their market share due to design of compatibility. Instead, designers reverted to gif animations if they didn't forego using motion graphics altogether and JavaScript for widgets. But the design of Flash made it popular enough among specific target markets to eventually work its way to the vast majority of browsers, and powerful enough to be used to develop entire sites. During Netscape released Netscape Communicator code under an open source licenceenabling thousands of developers to participate in improving the software. However, they binarias to start from the beginning, which guided the development of binarias open source browser and soon expanded to a complete application platform. Internet Explorer was released for Mac; this was significant as it was the first browser that fully supported HTML 4. It was also the first browser to fully support the PNG image format. Since the start of the 21st century the web has become more and more integrated into peoples lives. As this has happened the technology of the web has also moved on. There have also been significant changes in the way people use and access the web, and this has changed how sites are designed. Since the end of the browsers wars [ when? Many of these are open source meaning that they tend to have faster development and are more supportive of new standards. The W3C has released new standards for HTML HTML5 and CSS CSS3as well as new JavaScript API'seach as a new but individual standard. Web designers use a variety of different tools depending on what part of the production process they web involved in. These tools are updated over time by newer standards and software but the principles behind them remain the same. Web designers use both vector and raster graphics editors to web web-formatted imagery or design prototypes. Technologies used to create websites include W3C standards like HTML and CSS, which can be hand-coded or generated by WYSIWYG editing software. Other tools binarias designers might use include mark up validators [7] and other testing tools for usability and accessibility to ensure their websites meet web accessibility guidelines. Marketing and communication design on a website may identify what works web its target market. This can be an age group or particular strand of culture; thus the designer may understand the trends of its audience. Designers may also understand the type of website they are designing, meaning, for example, that B2B business-to-business website design considerations might differ greatly from a consumer targeted website such as a retail or entertainment website. Careful consideration might be made to ensure that the aesthetics or overall design of a site do not clash with the clarity and accuracy of the content or opciones ease of web navigation[9] especially on a B2B website. Designers may also consider the reputation of the owner or business the site is representing to make sure they are portrayed favourably. User understanding of the content of a website often depends on user understanding of how the website works. This is part of the user experience design. User experience is related to layout, clear instructions and labeling on a website. How well a user understands how they can interact on a site may also depend on the interactive design of the site. If a user perceives the usefulness of the website, they are more likely to continue using it. Users who are skilled and well versed with website use may find a more distinctive, yet less intuitive or less user-friendly website interface useful nonetheless. However, users with less experience are less likely to see the advantages or usefulness of a less intuitive website interface. This drives the trend for a more universal user experience design ease of access to accommodate as many users as possible regardless of user skill. Advanced interactive functions may require plug-ins if not advanced coding language skills. Choosing whether or not to use interactivity that requires plug-ins is a critical decision opciones user experience design. If the plug-in doesn't come pre-installed with most browsers, there's a risk that the user will have neither the know how or the patience to install a plug-in just to access the content. If the function requires advanced coding language skills, it may be too costly in either time or money to code compared to the amount of enhancement the function will add to the user experience. There's also a risk that advanced interactivity may be incompatible with older browsers or hardware configurations. Publishing a function that doesn't work reliably is potentially worse for the user experience than binarias no attempt. It depends on the target audience if it's likely to be needed or worth any risks. Part of the user interface design is affected by the quality of the page layout. For binarias, a designer may consider whether the site's page layout should remain consistent on different pages when web the layout. Page pixel width may also be considered vital for aligning web in the opciones design. The most popular fixed-width websites generally have the same set width to match the current most popular browser window, at the current most popular screen resolution, on the current most popular monitor size. Most pages are also center-aligned for concerns of aesthetics on larger screens. Fluid layouts increased in popularity around as an alternative to HTML-table-based layouts and grid-based design in both page layout design principle and in coding technique, but were very slow to be adopted. Accordingly, a design may be broken down into units sidebars, content blocks, embedded advertising areas, navigation areas that are sent to the browser and which will be fitted into the display window by the browser, as best it can. As the browser does recognize the details of the reader's screen window size, font size relative to window etc. Although such a display may often change the relative position of major content units, sidebars may be displaced below body text rather than to the side of it. This is a more flexible display than a hard-coded grid-based layout that doesn't fit the device window. In particular, the relative position of content blocks may change while leaving the content within the block unaffected. This also minimizes the user's need to horizontally scroll the page. Responsive Web Design is a newer approach, based on CSS3, and a deeper level of per-device specification within the page's stylesheet through an design use of the CSS media rule. Web designers may choose to limit the variety of website typefaces to only a few which are of a similar style, instead of using a wide range of typefaces or type styles. Most browsers recognize a specific number of safe fonts, which designers mainly use in order to avoid complications. Font downloading was later included in the CSS3 fonts module and has since been implemented in Safari 3. This has subsequently increased interest in web typographyas well as the usage of font downloading. Most site layouts incorporate negative space to break the text up into paragraphs and also avoid center-aligned text. The page layout and user interface may binarias be affected by the use of motion graphics. The choice web whether or not to use motion graphics may depend on the target market for the website. Motion graphics may be expected or at least better received with an entertainment-oriented website. However, a website target audience with a more serious or formal interest such as business, community, or government might opciones animations opciones and distracting if only for entertainment or decoration purposes. This doesn't mean that more serious content couldn't be enhanced with animated or video presentations that is relevant to the content. In either case, motion graphic design may make the difference between more effective visuals or distracting visuals. Motion graphics that are not initiated by the site visitor can produce accessibility issues. The World Wide Web consortium accessibility standards require that site visitors be able to disable the animations. Website designers may consider it to be good practice to conform to standards. This is usually done via a description specifying what the element is doing. Failure to conform to standards may not make a website unusable or error prone, but standards can relate to the correct layout of pages for readability as well making sure coded elements are closed appropriately. This includes errors in code, more organized layout for code, and making sure IDs and classes are identified properly. Poorly-coded pages are sometimes colloquially called tag soup. Validating via W3C [7] can only be done when a correct DOCTYPE declaration is made, which is used to highlight errors in code. The system identifies the errors and areas that do not conform to web design standards. This information can then be corrected by the user. A static website stores a unique file for every page of a static website. Each time that page is requested, the same content is returned. This content is created once, during the design of the website. It is usually opciones authored, although some sites use an automated creation process, similar to a dynamic website, whose design are stored long-term as completed pages. These automatically-created static sites became more popular aroundwith generators such as Jekyll and Adobe Muse. The benefits of a static website are that they were simpler to host, as their server only needed to serve static content, not execute server-side scripts. This required less server administration and had less chance web exposing security holes. They could also serve pages more quickly, on low-cost server hardware. These advantage became less important as cheap web hosting expanded to also offer dynamic features, and virtual servers offered high performance for short intervals at low cost. Almost all websites have some static content, as supporting assets such as images and stylesheets are usually static, even on a website with highly dynamic pages. Dynamic websites are generated on the fly and use server-side technology to generate webpages. They typically extract their content from design or more back-end databases: In the design process, dynamic pages are often mocked-up or wireframed using static pages. The skillset needed to develop dynamic web pages is much broader than for a static pages, involving server-side and database coding as well as client-side interface design. Even medium-sized dynamic projects are thus almost always a team effort. When dynamic web pages first developed, they were typically coded directly in languages such as PerlPHP or ASP. Some of these, notably PHP and ASP, used a 'template' approach where a server-side page resembled the structure of the completed client-side page and data was inserted into places defined by 'tags'. This was a quicker means of development than coding in a purely procedural opciones language such as Perl. Both of these approaches have now been supplanted for many websites by higher-level application-focused tools such as content management systems. These build on top of general purpose coding platforms and assume that a website exists to offer content according to one of several well recognised models, such as a time-sequenced bloga thematic magazine or news site, a wiki or a user forum. These tools make the implementation of such a site very easy, and a purely organisational and design-based task, without requiring any opciones. Usability experts, including Jakob Nielsen and Kyle Soucy, have often emphasised homepage design for website success and asserted that the homepage is the most important page on a website. In andcarousels also called 'sliders' and 'rotating banners' have become an extremely popular design element on homepages, often used to showcase featured or recent content in a confined space. There are two primary jobs involved in creating a website: Web designers will also have a working knowledge of markup languages such as HTML and CSS, although the extent of their knowledge will differ from one web designer to another. Particularly in smaller organizations one person will need the necessary skills for designing and programming the full web page, while larger organizations may have a web designer responsible for the visual aspect alone. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. D, Cooper, S and Chapman, D,B. Web Design In a Nutshell. United States of America: Moderating opciones of user experience". Understanding Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2. Jekyll, Middleman, Roots, Opciones. Getting Control of the Merry-Go-RoundUsability. Careers in Web Design. The Rosen Publishing Group,Inc. Nielsen, Jakob; Tahir, Marie OctoberHomepage Usability: Architecture Architectural opciones design Building design Passive solar Ecological design Environmental impact design Garden design Computer-aided Healthy community design Hotel design Interior architecture Interior design EID Keyline design Landscape architecture Sustainable Landscape design Spatial design Urban design. 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Activity-centered Adaptive web Affective Brainstorming By committee By contract C-K theory Closure Co-design Concept-oriented Configuration Contextual Continuous Cradle-to-cradle Creative problem-solving Creativity techniques Critical Design fiction Defensive Design—bid—build Design—build architect-led Domain-driven Ecodesign Energy neutral Engineering design process Probabilistic design Error-tolerant Fault-tolerant Framework-oriented For assembly For behaviour change For manufacturability For Six Sigma For testing For X Functional Generative Geodesign High-level Integrated Integrated topside Intelligence-based Iterative KISS principle Low-level Metadesign Mind mapping Modular New Wave Object-oriented Open Parametric Participatory Platform-based Policy-based Process-centered Public design Rational Regenerative Reliability engineering Research-based Responsibility-driven RWD Safe-life Sustainable Systemic SOD Tableless web Theory of constraints Top-down and bottom-up Transformation Transgenerational TRIZ Universal Design for All Usage-centered Use-centered Binarias Empathic User innovation Value-driven Value sensitive Privacy by Design choice computing controls flow leadership management marker methods pattern research science strategy theory thinking. 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Approaches Activity-centered Adaptive design Affective Brainstorming By committee By contract C-K web Closure Co-design Concept-oriented Configuration Contextual Continuous Cradle-to-cradle Creative problem-solving Creativity techniques Critical Design fiction Defensive Design—bid—build Design—build architect-led Domain-driven Ecodesign Energy neutral Engineering design process Probabilistic design Error-tolerant Fault-tolerant Framework-oriented For assembly For behaviour change For manufacturability For Six Sigma For testing For X Functional Generative Geodesign High-level Integrated Integrated topside Intelligence-based Iterative KISS principle Low-level Metadesign Mind mapping Modular New Wave Object-oriented Open Parametric Participatory Platform-based Policy-based Process-centered Public interest Rational Regenerative Reliability engineering Research-based Responsibility-driven RWD Safe-life Sustainable Systemic SOD Tableless web Theory of constraints Top-down and bottom-up Transformation Transgenerational TRIZ Universal Design for All Usage-centered Use-centered User-centered Empathic User innovation Value-driven Value sensitive Privacy by Design choice computing controls flow leadership management marker methods pattern research science strategy theory thinking. Tools Intellectual property Organizations Awards Tools AAD Architectural model Blueprint Comprehensive layout CAD CAID Virtual home design software CAutoD Design quality indicator Electronic design automation Flowchart Mockup Product design specification Prototype Sketch Storyboard Technical drawing Web design program Website wireframe. Related topics Aesthetics Concept art Creative industries Cultural icon.
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Assessing the Landscape: In Search of a Coherent Value Theory for Environmental Ethics.
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